浅析国内指纹识别技术（附带小工具）

前言

初学web安全的时候，找漏洞都是用北极熊扫描器扫出来的网站title来有目的性的‘刷’漏洞，后来随着网络主机的交替，ip的改变，北极熊扫出来的title也越来越不准确了。

大约在一月初开始打算扫全网的80端口，其中半个月时间调用了差不多7、8台服务器去扫描，扫了接近一半的中国ip段。但是发现结果不是特别满意，后来又在GitHub上找到了一个项目：

https://github.com/nanshihui/Scan-T

这个就很不错，可惜只是Django和Nmap结合起来，模仿了类似Shodan的东西，但是只有主机信息识别，也不是很满足。

构思

最近在构思一个想法，现有的扫描器像awvs，AppScan，Nessus等都是基于web爬虫，然后根据爬取的地址去扫描。这样会给网站造成很大的负担，并且容易触发防火墙，被限制拒绝访问。

但是现有的poc有很多，如果扫描器开始是基于web指纹识别，如果识别出web指纹，然后针对web框架使用poc去验证，反而效果会更好。

那么问题来了，怎么识别web指纹呢？

1. 基于web网站独有的favicon.ico的md5 比对网站类型；

2. 基于规则识别web站特征去识别；

3. 基于爬虫爬出来的网站目录比对web信息。

利弊

再说说这三种方法的利弊。

第一种速度最快，但也是最不准确的一种。因为大部分的favicon.ico都可以去更改，那么就会造成很大的误差。

第二种特征去识别可以寻找网站的css 、js代码的命名规则，也可以找关键字，以及head cookie等等，但是弊端是收集这些规则会耗费很久的时间。

 

第三种感觉准确性比较高，但是如果改了目录结构就会造成问题，而且一部分网站有反爬虫机制，会造成一些困扰。

总体来看，最好的是三种结合在一起。但是想做成轻量级的，于是选择了第二种。

分析

首先规则是个问题，但是国内与Shodan，钟馗之眼相同的搜索引擎就很开源的把规则放了出来。

然后用爬虫爬下来。

大概有1412中可识别出来的。

这样就简单了。

url = input('输入要识别的网址') if url.startswith('http://'):

    url = url else:

    url = 'http://'+url headers = {'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/50.0.2661.102 UBrowser/6.0.1471.914 Safari/537.36'} response = requests.get(url=url,headers=headers)  bresponse = BeautifulSoup(response.text,"lxml") title = bresponse.findAll('title')                            #title for i in title:     title = i.get_text() head = response.headers response = response.text  header = '' for key in head.keys():                             #将 header集合     header = header+key+':'+head[key] print('收集主页信息完毕')

先把信息收集出来，分成title、body以及header。

body = {'content="WordPress':'WordPress','wp-includes':'WordPress',

        'pma_password':'phpMyAdmin',

        'AdaptCMS':'AdaptCMS',

        'TUTUCMS':'tutucms','Powered by TUTUCMS':'tutucms',

        'Powered by 1024 CMS':'1024 CMS','1024 CMS (c)':'1024 CMS',

        'Publish By JCms2010':'捷点 JCMS',

        'webEdition':'webEdition',

        'Powered by phpshe':'phpshe','phpshe':'phpshe',

        '/theme/2009/image&login.asp':'北京清科锐华CEMIS',

        'css/25yi.css':'25yi','Powered by 25yi':'25yi',

        '/bundles/oroui/':'oroCRM',

        'Powered by SeaCms':'海洋CMS','seacms':'海洋CMS',

        '/images/v7/cms.css':'qibosoft v7',

        'opac_two':'北创图书检索系统',

        'dayrui/statics':'dayrui系列CMS',

        'upload/moban/images/style.css':'ASP168 欧虎','default.php?mod=article&do=detail&tid':'ASP168 欧虎',

        'Powered by FineCMS':'FineCMS','dayrui@gmail.com':'FineCMS','FineCMS':'FineCMS',}

写一个rule的模块，里面分别把body、title、header以字典的形式分开来。

def scan_head():     headrule = rule.head

    web_information = 0     for key in headrule.keys():

        if '&' in key:

            keys = re.split('&',key)

            if re.search(keys[0],header,re.I) and re.search(keys[1],response,re.I) :

                web_information = headrule[key]

                break             else:

                continue         else:

            req = re.search(key,header,re.I)

            if req:

                web_information = headrule[key]

                break             else:

                continue     return web_information

比对关键字输出。

最后结果如下。

import requests from bs4 import BeautifulSoup import re import rule import sys


url = input('输入要识别的网址') if url.startswith('http://'):

    url = url else:

    url = 'http://'+url

headers = {'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/50.0.2661.102 UBrowser/6.0.1471.914 Safari/537.36'} response = requests.get(url=url,headers=headers) bresponse = BeautifulSoup(response.text,"lxml") title = bresponse.findAll('title')                            #title for i in title:     title = i.get_text() head = response.headers

response = response.text


header = '' for key in head.keys():                             #将 header集合     header = header+key+':'+head[key] print('收集主页信息完毕') def scan_title():     titlerule = rule.title

    web_information = 0     for key in titlerule.keys():

        req = re.search(key,title,re.I)

        if req:

            web_information = titlerule[key]

            break         else:

            continue     return web_information def scan_head():

    headrule = rule.head

    web_information = 0     for key in headrule.keys():

        if '&' in key:

            keys = re.split('&',key)

            if re.search(keys[0],header,re.I) and re.search(keys[1],response,re.I) :

                web_information = headrule[key]

                break             else:

                continue         else:

            req = re.search(key,header,re.I)

            if req:

                web_information = headrule[key]

                break             else:

                continue     return web_information def scan_body():

    body = rule.body

    web_information = 0     for key in body.keys():

        if '&' in key:

            keys = re.split('&',key)

            if re.search(keys[0],response,re.I) and re.search(keys[1],response,re.I):

                web_information = body[key]

                break             else:

                continue         else:

            req = re.search(key,response,re.I)

            if req:

                web_information = body[key]

                break             else:

                continue     return web_information def main():

    web_information = scan_title()

    if web_information == 0:

        web_information = scan_head()

        if web_information == 0:

            web_information = scan_body()

            if web_information == 0:

                print('无能为力了')

                sys.exit()

            else:

                print(web_information)

        else:

            print(web_information)

    else:

        print(web_information) if __name__ == '__main__':

    main()

规则如下

body = {'content="WordPress':'WordPress','wp-includes':'WordPress',

        'pma_password':'phpMyAdmin',

        'AdaptCMS':'AdaptCMS',

        'TUTUCMS':'tutucms','Powered by TUTUCMS':'tutucms',

        'Powered by 1024 CMS':'1024 CMS','1024 CMS (c)':'1024 CMS',

        'Publish By JCms2010':'捷点 JCMS',

        'webEdition':'webEdition',

        'Powered by phpshe':'phpshe','phpshe':'phpshe',

        '/theme/2009/image&login.asp':'北京清科锐华CEMIS',

        'css/25yi.css':'25yi','Powered by 25yi':'25yi',

        '/bundles/oroui/':'oroCRM',

        'Powered by SeaCms':'海洋CMS','seacms':'海洋CMS',

        '/images/v7/cms.css':'qibosoft v7',

        'opac_two':'北创图书检索系统',

        'dayrui/statics':'dayrui系列CMS',

        'upload/moban/images/style.css':'ASP168 欧虎','default.php?mod=article&do=detail&tid':'ASP168 欧虎',

        'Powered by FineCMS':'FineCMS','dayrui@gmail.com':'FineCMS','FineCMS':'FineCMS',

        'ASPCMS':'ASPCMS',

        '/index.php/clasify/showone/gtitle/':'O2OCMS',

        'CmsEasy':'CmsEasy',

        'damicms':'大米CMS','大米CMS':'大米CMS',

        '/Include/EcsServerApi.js':'易创思ecs',

        'Osclass':'Osclass',

        'm_ctr32':'IdeaCMS','Powered By IdeaCMS':'IdeaCMS',

        'bit-xxzs':'Bit','xmlpzs/webissue.asp':'Bit',

        '/css/mymps.css':'mymps','mymps':'mymps',

        'ycportal/webpublish':'全国烟草系统',

        'bx_css_async':'Dolphin',

        '/tpl/Home/weimeng/common/css/':'微门户',

        'DianCMS_用户登陆引用':'易点CMS','DianCMS_SiteName':'易点CMS',

        'r/cms/www':'unknown cms rcms',

        '技术支持：云因信息':'yunyin','<a href="../scrp/getpassword.cfm':'yunyin','/scrp/book.cfm" method="post':'yunyin',

        'PDV_PAGENAME':'PHPWEB',

        'Author" content="微普外卖点餐系统':'微普外卖点餐系统','Powered By 点餐系统':'微普外卖点餐系统','userfiles/shoppics/':'微普外卖点餐系统',

        'content="jieqi cms':'jieqi',

        'Powerd by AppCMS':'appcms',

        'content="OURPHP':'ourphp','Powered by ourphp':'ourphp',

        'content="eAdmin':'eadmin',

        'Powered by FengCms':'fengcms','content="FengCms':'fengcms',

        'content="DotNetNuke':'DotNetNuke','content=",DotNetNuke':'DotNetNuke',

        'Power by DedeCms':'DedeCMS','Powered by&http://www.dedecms.com/':'DedeCMS','/templets/default/style/dedecms.css':'DedeCMS',

        'Created by DotNetCMS':'Foosun','For Foosun':'Foosun','Powered by www.Foosun.net,Products:Foosun Content Manage system':'Foosun',

        '/deptWebsiteAction.do':'某通用型政府cms',

        'Powered by wuzhicms':'wuzhicms','content="wuzhicms':'wuzhicms',

        '_files/jspxcms.css':'Jspxcms',

        'NITC Web Marketing Service':'NITC','/images/nitc1.png':'NITC',

        'reader/view_abstract.aspx':'E-Tiller',

        'content="IMGCMS':'IMGCms','Powered by IMGCMS':'IMGCms',

        '/r/cms/www/':'RCMS','jhtml':'RCMS',

        '/js/jtbc.js':'JTBC(CMS)','content="JTBC':'JTBC(CMS)',

        'Powered by TurboCMS':'TurboCMS','/cmsapp/zxdcADD.jsp':'TurboCMS','/cmsapp/count/newstop_index.jsp?siteid=':'TurboCMS',

        '本系统由<span class="STYLE1" ><a href="http://www.firstknow.cn':'中国期刊先知网','<img src="images/logoknow.png" rel="external nofollow" ':'中国期刊先知网',

        '/js/jPackageCss/jPackage.css':'贷齐乐p2p','src="/js/jPackage':'贷齐乐p2p',

        'generator" content="Typecho':'Typecho','强力驱动&Typecho':'Typecho',

        'content="BageCMS':'八哥CMS',

        'content="动力启航,DTCMS':'dtcms',

        'keyicms：keyicms':'科蚁CMS','Powered by <a href="http://www.keyicms.com':'科蚁CMS',

        'web980':'DIYWAP','bannerNum':'DIYWAP',

        'generator" content="Plone':'plone',

        'app/Tpl/fanwe_1/images/lazy_loading.gif&index.php?ctl=article_cate':'方维众筹',

        'css/css_whir.css':'万户网络',

        'wsite-page-index':'weebly',

        'content="niubicms':'牛逼cms',

        '/Widgets/WidgetCollection/':'We7',

        '/css/yxcms.css':'Yxcms','content="Yxcms':'Yxcms',

        'Powered by Diferior':'Diferior',

        'Powered by PHPVOD':'phpvod','content="phpvod':'phpvod',

        'Dolibarr Development Team':'Dolibarr',

        'Telerik.Web.UI.WebResource.axd':'Telerik Sitefinity','content="Sitefinity':'Telerik Sitefinity',

        'main/building.cfm':'云因网上书店','href="../css/newscomm.css':'云因网上书店',

        'content="tipask':'Tipask',

        'yidacms.css':'yidacms',

        'advfile/ad12.js':'XYCMS',

        'powerd by&BEESCMS':'beeCMS','template/default/images/slides.min.jquery.js':'beeCMS',

        'Powered by ESPCMS':'ESPCMS','infolist_fff&/templates/default/style/tempates_div.css':'ESPCMS',

        'webplus':'webplus','高校网站群管理平台':'webplus',

        'content="WeiPHP':'weiphp','/css/weiphp.css':'weiphp',

        'publish by BoyowCMS':'BoyowCMS',

        'generator" content="ezCMS':'concrete5','CCM_DISPATCHER_FILENAME':'concrete5',

        '凡科互联网科技股份有限公司':'凡科建站','content="凡科':'凡科建站',

        '/css/cmstop-common.css':'CMSTop','/js/cmstop-common.js':'CMSTop','cmstop-list-text.css':'CMSTop','<a class="poweredby" href="http://www.cmstop.com" rel="external nofollow" ':'CMSTop',

        'Powered by Adxstudio':'ADXStudio','poweredbyadx.png':'ADXStudio',

        'Powered by DouPHP':'DouPHP','controlBase&indexLeft':'DouPHP',  #三个&未写方法  只效验前两个 &recommendProduct         'content="MetInfo':'MetInfo','powered_by_metinfo':'MetInfo','/images/css/metinfo.css':'MetInfo',

        'chanzhi.js':'chanzhi','\>\<a href=.+www.chanzhi.org':'chanzhi',

        'content="Drupal':'Drupal','jQuery.extend\(Drupal.settings':'Drupal','ace-drupal7prod&/sites/all/themes/':'Drupal',   #/sites/all/modules/  /sites/default/files/         'Powered By PHPB2B':'phpb2b',

        'Powered by&http://www.phpcms.cn':'PhpCMS','content=\"Phpcms':'PhpCMS','Powered by Phpcms':'PhpCMS','data/config.js':'PhpCMS',

        'SiteServer CMS&http://www.siteserver.cn':'SiteServer','T_系统首页模板':'SiteServer','siteserver&sitefiles':'SiteServer',

        'JEECMS&Powered by':'JEECMS',

        'script src="http://code.zoomla.cn/':'逐浪zoomla','NodePage.aspx&body="Item':'逐浪zoomla','/style/images/win8_symbol_140x140.png':'逐浪zoomla',

        'Powered by Phpmps':'phpmps','templates/phpmps/style/index.css':'phpmps',

        'Powered by Dswjcms':'dswjcms','content="Dswjcms':'dswjcms',

        'maccms:voddaycount':'苹果CMS',

        'content="PageAdmin CMS':'PageAdmin','/e/images/favicon.ico':'PageAdmin',

        '_ZCMS_ShowNewMessage':'ZCMS','zcms_skin':'ZCMS','ZCMS泽元内容管理':'ZCMS',

        'NewsClass.asp?BigClass=企业新闻':'南方良精','HrDemand.asp':'南方良精','Aboutus.asp?Title=企业简介':'南方良精',

        'lan12-jingbian-hong':'易普拉格科研管理系统','科研管理系统，北京易普拉格科技':'易普拉格科研管理系统',

        '/ks_inc/common.js':'KesionCMS','publish by KesionCMS':'KesionCMS',

        'Produced By 大汉网络':'大汉系统（Hanweb）','<a href=\'http://www.hanweb.com\' style=\'display:none\'>':'大汉系统（Hanweb）','<meta name=\'Generator\' content=\'大汉版通\'>':'大汉系统（Hanweb）',

        '<meta name=\'Author\' content=\'大汉网络\'>':'大汉系统（Hanweb）','/jcms_files/jcms':'大汉系统（Hanweb）',

        'bigSortProduct.asp?bigid':'北京阳光环球建站系统',

        'content="NIUCMS':'niucms',

        'index.php\?ac=link_more&index.php\?ac=news_list':'TCCMS',   #未找到实例         'publico/template/&zonapie':'360webfacil 360WebManager','360WebManager Software':'360webfacil 360WebManager',

        'labelOppInforStyle':'地平线CMS','search_result.aspx&frmsearch':'地平线CMS',

        'FoxPHPScroll':'FoxPHP','FoxPHP_ImList':'FoxPHP','content="FoxPHP':'FoxPHP',

        'var webroot=':'sdcms','/js/sdcms.js':'sdcms',

        '/wcm/app/js':'TRS WCM','0;URL=/wcm':'TRS WCM','window.location.href = "//wcm";':'TRS WCM','forum\.trs\.com\.cn&wcm':'TRS WCM',

        '/wcm" target="_blank':'TRS WCM','/wcm" target="_blank">管理':'TRS WCM',

        '/templates/default/css/common.css&selectjobscategory':'74cms','Powered by <a href="http://www\.74cms\.com/':'74cms','content="74cms.com':'74cms','content="骑士CMS':'74cms',

        'Generator" content="2z project':'2z project',

        'generator" content="MediaWiki':'MediaWiki','/wiki/images/6/64/Favicon.ico':'MediaWiki','Powered by MediaWiki':'MediaWiki',

        '/app/home/skins/default/style.css':'ThinkSAAS',

        'content="Joomla':'Joomla','/media/system/js/core\.js&/media/system/js/mootools-core\.js':'Joomla',

        'phpMyWind.com All Rights Reserved':'PHPMyWind','content="PHPMyWind':'PHPMyWind',

        'semcms PHP':'SEMcms','sc_mid_c_left_c sc_mid_left_bt':'SEMcms',

        '/Template/Ant/Css/AntHomeComm\.css':'小蚂蚁',

        'content="171cms':'171cms',

        'content="BAOCMS':'baocms',

        'infoglueBox.png':'infoglue',

        'power by bcms':'bluecms','bcms_plugin':'bluecms',

        'content="MoMoCMS':'MoMoCMS','Powered BY MoMoCMS':'MoMoCMS',

        '/css/global\.css&/twcms/theme/':'TWCMS',

        'content="emlog"':'Emlog',

        'GB_ROOT_DIR&maincontent.css':'HIMS 酒店云计算服务','HIMS酒店云计算服务':'HIMS 酒店云计算服务',

        'GENERATOR" content="EasySite':'Easysite','Copyright 2009 by Huilan':'Easysite','_DesktopModules_PictureNews':'Easysite',

        '页面加载中,请稍候&FrontEnd':'国家数字化学习资源中心系统',

        } head = {'X-Pingback':'WordPress','xmlrpc.php':'WordPress','wordpress_test_cookie':'WordPress',

        'phpMyAdmin=':'phpMyAdmin=',

        'adaptcms':'adaptcms',

        'SS_MID&squarespace.net':'squarespace建站',

        'X-Mas-Server':'TRS MAS',

        'dr_ci_session':'dayrui系列CMS',

        'http://www.cmseasy.cn/service_1.html':'CmsEasy',

        'Osclass':'Osclass',

        'clientlanguage':'unknown cms rcms',

        'X-Powered-Cms: Twilight CMS':'TwilightCMS',

        'IRe.CMS':'irecms',

        'DotNetNukeAnonymous':'DotNetNuke',

        'Easyweb CMS':'EasywebCMS',

        'Kooboocms':'Kooboocms',

        'Dnnoutputcache':'Dnnoutputcache',

        'sisRapid':'SamanPortal',

        'Eleanor CMS':'EleanorCMS',

        'X-Tncms-Version':'Tncms',

        'wb_session_id':'WebsiteBaker',

        'UMI.CMS':'UMI.CMS',

        'plone.content':'plone',

        'intern.weebly.net':'weebly',

        'X-Powered-Cms&WMSN':'WMSN',

        'thinkphp':'ThinkPHP','think_template':'ThinkPHP',

        'X-Powered-Cms:Bitrix Site Manager':'BitrixSiteManager',

        'X-Powered-Cms:Techart CMS':'TechartCMS',

        'X-Powered-Cms:BPanel CMS':'BPanelCMS',

        'Sitecore CMS':'Sitecore',

        'X-Powered-Cms:FOXI BIZzz':'FOXI',

        '313CMS':'313自助建站',

        'Synkron Via CMS':'SynkronVia',

        'CONCRETE5':'concrete5',

        'iAPPSCookie':'iAPPS',

        'Requestsuccess4ajax':'unknown cms',

        'anonprofile':'ADXStudio',

        'Set-Cookie:frontsid':'chanzhi',

        'X-Generator:Drupal':'Drupal',

        'X-Powered-Cms:Subrion CMS':'SubrionCMS',

        'supe_sid':'SupeSite',

        'fe_typo_user': 'typo3',

        'X-Powered-By:PigCms.com':'PigCms',

        'ZKSID2':'ZikulaCMS',

        'AntXiaouserslogin':'小蚂蚁',

        'Power by: baocms':'baocms',

        'EasySite-Compression':'Easysite',

        'Mura CMS':'MuraCMS',

        } title = {'phpMyAdmin':'phpMyAdmin',

         'seacms':'海洋CMS',

         'Powered by ASPCMS':'ASPCMS',

         'Powered by CmsEasy':'CmsEasy',

         '大米CMS':'大米CMS',

         'mymps':'mymps',

         'jieqi cms':'jieqi',

         'eadmin':'eadmin',

         'Powerd by Jspxcms':'Jspxcms',

         'Powered by EmpireCMS':'帝国 EmpireCMS',

         'dtcms':'dtcms',

         'publiccms':'PublicCMS',

         'Powered by XYCMS':'XYCMS',

         'Powered by ESPCMS':'ESPCMS',

         'Powered by MetInfo':'MetInfo',

         'Powered by SiteServer CMS':'SiteServer',

         'Powered by JEECMS':'JEECMS',

         'Powered by Npoint':'Npoint',

         'Power By TCCMS':'TCCMS',

         'Powered by deep soon':'地平线CMS',

         'powered by sdcms':'sdcms',

         'owered by 小蚂蚁.+网站系统':'小蚂蚁',

         '171cms':'171cms',

         'baocms':'baocms',

         'infoglue':'infoglue',

         }

效果如下

感兴趣的小伙伴如果想要全部规则，可联系金乌实验室，联系方式：jinwu@jinwulab.com

 *原创作者：北风飘然@金乌网络安全实验室